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Detection of antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections
KREJČÍKOVÁ, Pavlína
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) pose a public health risk, especially in terms of the rise of antibiotic resistance. This thesis summarizes the knowledge on these infections, most common causative agents, laboratory diagnosis and current epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and its molecular mechanisms. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility in most STD pathogens is not possible in routine microbiology due to high or specialized culture requirements. Also, because of the higher sensitivity of detection, molecular biology methods are used to diagnose STDs, which negates the need to perform culture in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The experimental part of the project aimed to detect the described resistance mechanisms in positive samples tested by multiplex PCR for the presence of STD agents. In the first part, we used whole genome sequencing (WGS). Unfortunately, the sequences obtained contained a large number of human sequences and thus the extra-human sequences did not provide sufficient coverage. The same result was achieved after a sample pretreatment with saponin and Triton-X followed by purification. Due to the unsuitability of WGS, we attempted to optimize and implement previously described target-specific methods to detect the most common resistance mechanisms in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The first method was PCR amplification with melting curve analysis (HRM). As a reference method to HRM, we used Sanger sequencing of six genes (penA, mtrR, ponA, porB, 23S rRNA, gyrA). During this work, we optimized the temperature profiles for PCR amplification of individual genes. To cover the analyzed DNA fragment (part of the gene) it was necessary to design additional sequencing primers. The clinical use of HRM for the detection of resistance mechanisms in N. gonorrhoeae needs to be validated on DNA samples with identified resistance mechanisms by specific fragment sequencing, which was optimized in the present work.
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Epidemiological Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Czechia
Sekera, Jan Carlos
Sexually transmitted infections are among the diseases that are showing an increase and pose significant health problems, especially among the young population. They directly impact sexual reproductive health through stigma, infertility, cancer and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. The dissertation focuses on the epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. It seeks to supplement the missing data on this group of diseases and thus contribute by analysis to a better understanding of the development and current state in the Czech Republic. The work is conceived as a set of articles. Within the dissertation, the author introduces the context of his professional focus within the field of knowledge through published studies. The published studies that make up this dissertation focused on four critical areas of the issue of sexually transmitted infections: health literacy, socio-demographic analysis of injecting drug users, HIV testing at the time of the pandemic and regional differences The first set of included papers analysed HIV/AIDS health literacy levels. Knowledge of inequalities in health literacy is a crucial prerequisite for applying preventive measures. The second of the enrolled studies focused on analysing sexually transmitted...
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Epidemiological Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Czechia
Sekera, Jan Carlos ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Pikhart, Hynek (referee) ; Rob, Filip (referee)
Sexually transmitted infections are among the diseases that are showing an increase and pose significant health problems, especially among the young population. They directly impact sexual reproductive health through stigma, infertility, cancer and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. The dissertation focuses on the epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. It seeks to supplement the missing data on this group of diseases and thus contribute by analysis to a better understanding of the development and current state in the Czech Republic. The work is conceived as a set of articles. Within the dissertation, the author introduces the context of his professional focus within the field of knowledge through published studies. The published studies that make up this dissertation focused on four critical areas of the issue of sexually transmitted infections: health literacy, socio-demographic analysis of injecting drug users, HIV testing at the time of the pandemic and regional differences The first set of included papers analysed HIV/AIDS health literacy levels. Knowledge of inequalities in health literacy is a crucial prerequisite for applying preventive measures. The second of the enrolled studies focused on analysing sexually transmitted...
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Sexually transmitted Infections in Prague: Socio-epidemiological analysis
Sekera, Jan Carlos ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Jágrová, Zdeňka (referee)
This thesis is focused on a situation of sexually transmitted infections in Prague (and in The Czech Republic shallowly) and analyzes this issue relatively to the social epidemiology. The thesis tries to identify the most vulnerable groups of a population. These groups contain homosexual men, individuals having unprotected sex and promiscuous people. Further more, the thesis tries to identify a relation between a high-risk factor and an exposition of a particular infection. For example, it was found out that sexual related risks are mostly determinated by a sexual behavior and a region where the individuals come from. Also, men are more vulnerable group of people than women according to findings of this thesis. A gonorrhoea infection is the most reported sexually transmitted infection in Prague (59,1 % of all cases). Syphilis is the second most common infection of this kind. The highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections was reported for people with (finished or unfinished) basic education. This group of people represents 14,3 % of all reported cases. Its prevalence is 67,7 patients per ten thousand individuals. A group of people aged 20 - 29 years is another group with high prevalence. Further identification of a sexual behavior in The Czech Republic was one of the main goals of this...
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